Facts over framing.
Process before politics.

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Featured Receipt File

Factory photograph cataloged by the Library of Congress as 1936. A historical illustration, not a depiction of today's labor market.

Before You Share a Statistic, Check the Denominator

A percentage describes a relationship between quantities. Without knowing what is being counted and what it is divided by, readers cannot tell whether two numbers describe the same thing.

The United States Supreme Court building in Washington, D.C.

How to Read a Court Story Beyond the Headline

Before deciding what a court story means, identify the document behind it. A party's filing and a judge's decision have different roles. The headline should tell readers whose statement they are reading and what question was addressed.

Main Reading Room of the Library of Congress, 2009.

What Counts as a Receipt? Match the Evidence to the Claim

A receipt is evidence a reader can inspect and connect to a specific claim. Its strength depends on what it establishes, how it was produced, and whether the conclusion stays within its limits.

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Recent articles

The Supreme Court building in Washington, D.C., photographed by Carol M. Highsmith between 1980 and 2006.

What an Injunction Does and What It Leaves Undecided

Read an injunction’s actual command: who is bound, what changes, how long it lasts and which legal questions remain undecided.

Two women operating Census tabulation equipment in an archival 1939 photograph by Harris & Ewing.

Category Discipline: Define It Before You Count It

Before comparing two numbers, check whether they count the same thing. A practical guide to definitions, inclusion rules and fair comparisons.

What Would Make You Change Your Mind?

A confident position should come with a reason for holding it. An honest position should also leave room for evidence to change it.

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About

Truth vs Narrative separates documented facts from the stories built around them. We examine process, incentives and framing so you can follow the evidence and test the interpretation. Start with the record. Ask what is missing. Stay open to what changes.

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Beyond the headline.

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Facts over framing. Process before politics.